Research Paradigms: A Theoretical Approach to Reflect from the Field of Educational Research
Abstract
This academic article seeks to answer the questions: What are the theoretical configurations assumed from the research paradigms and what are the new challenges posed around them from educational research? To do so, it starts with a theoretical review of the concepts of knowledge, epistemology and paradigm. The paradigm concept is deepened since it serves as a framework for the understanding of the phenomena of reality. The identification of four paradigms is revealed: positivist (theories as absolute truths), interpretative (the construction of reality in subjectivities), critical (the emancipation for social transformation) and the emerging paradigm of complexity. Once the theoretical approach has been made, it is determined that, in terms of educational research, it is necessary to generate reflection on three relevant elements: the research challenges in the face of the changing dynamics of societies, looks at the problems of education, and the position of the researcher in terms of the areas of knowledge from which they are supported in order to understand the phenomenon of study.
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