Advances in motion sensors for Parkinson's diagnosis and monitoring: Systematic review
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disease and its epidemiology is estimated at approximately four to five million people affected worldwide. In Mexico, the National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery estimates 50 new cases per 100 thousand inhabitants per year. Due to its epidemiological importance, the present study used a systematic review of scientific journals published in the last five years and with the data obtained a Meta-analysis was elaborated under the PRISMA Method, achieving the objective which was the estimation of the advances published with the use of technological tools that use movement recording sensors to support clinical diagnosis and follow-up of Parkinson's disease. The material consisted of scientific journals published in databases with medical and general orientation (PubMed, Scopus and Redalyc) on clinical evaluation and technological tools with sensors for recording body movement in Parkinson's disease. Results, the systematic review identified 1,064 documents, divided into: 1) Records eliminated before screening 412, 2) Projection items were eliminated for various conditions 647. Therefore, only five documents were meta-analyzed. The analysis of the first one showed motor and non-motor characteristics monitoring in inertial measurement units. The second discusses a wrist accelerometer that in just one minute can accurately diagnose fluctuations of bradykinesia. The third disclosed a wearable sensor gait monitoring system evaluating various treatments. The fourth described a mobile app that controls the monitoring and detection of tremor occurrences based on smartphone data, demonstrating 99.13% sensitivity and 100% multifactorial specificity. The fifth and last article was selected because it is a Systematic Review edited five years ago that exposes articles since 2000. In the article it comments on sensors that evaluate one or other symptoms separately, now there are portable devices that store data on symptoms and treatments given to the same patient, providing accurate disease monitoring on a mobile device. Conclusions, the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of Parkinson's disease should always start with clinical evaluation with different clinical and laboratory methods. Technological tools for monitoring by motion sensors help in the diagnosis of the disease. Although all methods of evaluation and monitoring are becoming more and more specialized, at present Parkinson's disease is not curable, there are only methods of control and elimination of symptoms. The information obtained by systematic reviews and meta-analyses bring to light the evidence and provide a solid basis for clinical and treatment decisions.
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